Siegler, R.; Deloache, J.; Eisenberg, N. (2006). How Children Develop. New York: Worth Publishers. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-7167-9527-8. Inspect the lower limbs for abnormalities (e.g. asymmetry, oedema, ankle deformities, missing digits)

Slater BJ, Lenton KA, Kwan MD, Gupta DM, Wan DC, Longaker MT (April 2008). “Cranial sutures: a brief review”. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 121 (4): 170e–8e. doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000304441.99483.97. PMID 18349596. Listen over each area with both the bell (for low pitched sounds – gallops and split S2) and the diaphragm (high pitched sounds – pericardial rubs, S1/S2 and most murmurs). Note any ambiguity of genitalia: typically associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in girls (boys with CAH have normal genitalia). Males Pregnancy details: date/time and type of delivery/complications/high-risk antenatal screening resultsPallor: a pale colour of the skin that can suggest underlying anaemia (e.g. haemorrhage) or poor perfusion (e.g. congestive cardiac failure). Caput succedaneum is a diffuse subcutaneous fluid collection with poorly defined margins (often crossing suture lines) caused by pressure on the presenting part of the head during delivery. It does not usually cause complications and resolves over the first few days. 4 Hair tufts and sacral pits can be associated with underlying neural tube defects (e.g. spina bifida).

Klaus D. Peter, Gummersbach, Germany. Adapted by Geeky Medics. Accessory auricle. Licence: CC BY 3.0 DE.

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The Newborn Infant Physical Examination (NIPE) must be performed within 72 hours of birth by a qualified practitioner.¹ Jaundice: a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and whites of the eyes due to high bilirubin levels (e.g. newborn jaundice). Parents should have received the National Screening Committee leaflet ‘Screening tests for you and your baby’ in the antenatal period. Newborn Infant Physical Examination. Nottingham Neonatal Service – Clinical Guidelines. Published November 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2017.

Ankle deformities: talipes (club foot) is a common ankle deformity causing the foot to be turned inward. Palpate the entire chest wall for crepitus (subcutaneous emphysema) and tenderness. The area over the sternum and clavicles require special attention as fractures involving these bones may suggest significant force and need for further evaluation of other intrathoracic injuries. Assess any respiratory effort and work of breathing. Evaluate whether breath sounds are symmetrical and heart sounds are normal and not muffled. Inspect whether there is any bruising related to a seatbelt.

If the parents have not read the information booklet they must be given a copy to read before to the examination.